Examining Group Cohesion and Intolerance of Uncertainty in Women’s Handball Super League Athletes

Abstract

The primary aim of this study is to determine the levels of group cohesion perception and intolerance of uncertainty among athletes actively competing in the Women’s Handball Super League, and to examine the relationship between these two variables. The study was conducted using a quantitative research design, specifically the survey model, with the participation of 162 professional athletes competing in the Turkish Women’s Handball Super League during the 2024–2025 season. Data were collected using a “Personal Information Form” developed by the researcher to identify demographic characteristics, the “Group Environment Questionnaire” to assess team cohesion, and the “Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale” to evaluate responses to uncertain situations. The results of the parametric analyses indicated that athletes’ group cohesion levels differed significantly according to income level, age, and years of sports experience. In particular, younger athletes (18 years and under) and those with less experience (7 years or less) demonstrated higher levels of perceived group cohesion compared to their more experienced counterparts. Regarding intolerance of uncertainty, significant differences were found based on age and marital status. It was determined that single athletes and young adults aged between 19 and 25 exhibited lower tolerance toward uncertainty. One of the most notable findings of the study is that no statistically significant relationship was found between athletes’ levels of group cohesion and their intolerance of uncertainty. In conclusion, it can be stated that team cohesion and coping with uncertainty are independent psychological constructs among professional female handball players; however, both are significantly influenced by socio-demographic characteristics.